Av Housing Committee Will Consist of Exactly Five Representatives
The Usa Congress is the legislative branch of the federal regime and consists of ii houses: the lower house known as the Business firm of Representatives and the upper house known equally the Senate. The words "Congress" and "House" are sometimes used colloquially to refer to the Firm of Representatives. There are 535 members of Congress: 100 senators and 435 representatives in the House.
Republicans currently command the Senate (54 to 44 Democrats) and the House (246 to 188).
Comparison chart
 | House of Representatives | Senate |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | The Us House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States Congress. It is ofttimes referred to as the House. | The United states Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States Congress. |
| Blazon | Lower house. Responds to the needs of the people faster since representatives only have a 2 year term. Laws dealing with revenue must start in the House. | Upper house. The vi year term means the Senate can be slower and consider the long-term effects of laws. |
| Seats | 435 voting members, 6 non-voting members: 5 delegates, ane resident commissioner | 100 |
| Seats apportioned | Based on the population of each country | Two for each state |
| Length of term | 2 years. All 435 seats are up for reelection every two years. | 6 years. Here in that location is a continuous trunk idea. Merely 1/3 of the senate seats are elected every ii years. So only 34 or 33 senators are up for election at 1 fourth dimension. |
| Term limits | None | None |
| Leadership | Nancy Pelosi (D) (Speaker); elected by the House of Representatives. | The President of the Senate [currently Kamala Harris (D) but votes in instance of a tie. When he or she is not available, the President pro tempore, a senator elected by the Senate [currently Patrick Leahy (D)] takes over on his behalf. |
| Majority Leader | Steny Hoyer (D) | Chuck Schumer (D) |
| Minority Leader | Kevin McCarthy (R) | Mitch McConnell (R) |
| Majority Whip | James Clyburn (D) | John Thune (R) |
| Minority Whip | Steve Scalise (R) | Dick Durbin (D) |
| Political groups | Autonomous (219), Republican (211), 5 vacant seats | Republican (48), Autonomous (48), Independent (2) |
| Voting arrangement | Start-past-the-post | Start-past-the-post |
| History | Based on Virginia Plan | Based on New Jersey Plan |
Size of Senate vs. House
While in that location are 100 seats in the Senate (two senators from each state), at that place are 435 seats in the House of Representatives (one representative from each of the various congressional districts, with the number of congressional districts in each country determined by the population).
The Reapportionment Human action of 1929 set the last number of the House at the current 435, with commune sizes adjusted according to population growth. All the same, as district borders were never defined definitively, they tin can and frequently do stretch into peculiar shapes due to a do known as gerrymandering.
Gerrymandering is used at the state legislature level to create districts that overwhelmingly favor one political party. Federal and Supreme Court rulings have overturned gerrymandering efforts that have been perceived to be based on race, but otherwise some districts have been reconfigured to requite one or another party an farthermost political advantage, thus assuasive that party to secure more power in the state and in the House of Representatives.
A line graph showing which political parties have controlled the U.Southward. Firm of Representatives and Senate over the years. Click to overstate.
Roles of Representatives and Senators
The House plays a major part in government, mainly that of initiating all revenue-based legislation. Any proposal to raise taxes must come from the House, with Senate review and approval. The Senate, on the other hand, has sole power of approval on foreign treaties and cabinet and judicial nominations, including appointments to the Supreme Court.
In cases of impeachment (e.g., Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Beak Clinton in 1998), the House determines if charges can be brought confronting the official, and a unproblematic majority vote approves or rejects the filing of charges (the impeachment process). If approved, the Senate and so serves as the investigative/judicial trunk to decide if the charges merit removing the accused official from his or her function. However, the vote in the Senate has to represent "a significant majority," usually taken to mean 67 of the 100 votes.
Members of Congress are deemed to be "beyond the power of arrest" while in office, except in cases of treason, murder, or fraud. This stipulation has been used by representatives and senators to avoid subpoenas and other judicial procedures. A senator can waive the privilege at any time, but a fellow member of the House has to submit his or her petition to a general vote. If a simple bulk approves, the privilege tin can be waived.
Congress has the power to subpoena any citizen. Noncompliance with a congressional subpoena can comport up to a 1-twelvemonth jail sentence. The case is heard in a judicial forum, and punishment (a sentence) for those found guilty of "contempt of Congress" is handled strictly by the judicial system.
The succession order in the federal authorities is president, vice president and so Speaker of the House, the leader of the representatives. The vice president is considered the "president" of the Senate, though he or she is not required or even expected to attend almost Senate sessions. The Senate elects a "President Pro Tempore," often the senior, or longest-serving, senator of the majority party, who is responsible for managing twenty-four hours-to-day business.
Length of Terms
Senators are elected for a half-dozen-year term, merely House representatives simply have ii-year terms earlier they need to seek reelection. Every member of the Business firm is up for election or reelection every two years, just the Senate has a staggered system wherein but one-third of the Senators are up for election or reelection every two years. It is possible for the Firm to change to a big extent (in terms of party control) every two years, but changes are slower in the Senate. In both chambers, incumbents have a great reward over challengers, winning more than 90% of all contested races.
Qualifications
To be eligible as a representative, a person needs to be at least 25 years one-time at the time of the ballot and have lived continuously in the U.S. for at least 7 years. To get a senator, 1 must be at least 30 years onetime at the time of the election and have lived continuously in the U.Due south. for at to the lowest degree 9 years. Information technology is not a requirement to exist a natural-born citizen in order to become a fellow member of Congress.
Committees
Nearly of Congress' work takes place in committees. Both the Business firm and Senate have continuing, special, conference, and joint committees.
Standing committees are permanent and provide longer-serving members with power bases. In the Firm, key committees include Budget, Ways and Means, and Armed Services, while the Senate has Appropriations, Foreign Relations, and Judiciary committees. (Some committees exist in both chambers, such as Budget, Armed Services, and Veterans Affairs.) Special committees are temporary, formed to investigate, analyze, and/or evaluate specific problems. Conference committees are formed when legislation is approved in both the Business firm and Senate; they finalize the language in legislation. Articulation committees feature members of the House and Senate, with leadership of each committee alternating betwixt members of each sleeping accommodation.
Committees too take subcommittees, which are formed to focus more than closely on sure issues. Some have get permanent, just most are formed for limited time frames. Although useful for zeroing in on primal issues, the proliferation of committees, and especially subcommittees, has decentralized the legislative process and significantly slowed it, making Congress less responsive to changing trends and needs.
Debating legislation has stricter rules in the House than in the Senate, applicable at both the commission and whole-body levels. In the House, debate time is restricted and topics are gear up beforehand, with discussions express to the agenda. In the Senate, the tactic chosen filibustering is allowed. In one case the floor is ceded to a senator, he or she tin speak for as long equally the senator chooses, on whatsoever topic; no other business organisation can be transacted while the person speaks. A delay is used to block potential legislation or Senate decisions until a favorable vote tin exist called. This has resulted in sometimes comically absurd efforts on the part of senators. For case, during a 2013 filibuster over the Affordable Care Act, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) read from Green Eggs and Ham.
Origins of House and Senate
In general, the Business firm represents the population, while the Senate represents a "landed/large property" populace. In colonial times, the proposed "legislative body" had two models. The Virginia Plan, endorsed by Thomas Jefferson, created a group of representatives based on population sizes, and so that more populous states would have a greater voice in legislative issues. Opposing information technology was the New Jersey Plan that express each country to the same number of representatives; the programme suggested that there be something between two to v representatives per state. The New Bailiwick of jersey Plan was criticized for holding larger states "hostage" to smaller states, equally each would have the same power base of operations. This article in The New Yorker dissects information technology well:
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton absolutely hated the idea that each state should be entitled to the aforementioned number of senators regardless of size. Hamilton was withering on the topic. "As states are a collection of private men," he harangued his fellow-delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, "which ought we to respect most, the rights of the people composing them, or of the artificial beings resulting from the composition? Nothing could be more preposterous or absurd than to sacrifice the former to the latter."
Per the Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the United States adopted the bicameral system of the English Parliament (i.east., House of Lords and House of Commons). The compromise was between the Virginia program (small state) and the New Jersey proposal (large state), ii competing ideas on whether each state should get equal representation in the federal regime or whether representation should exist based on population. The compromise established that representatives in the lower house (House of Representatives) volition be based on a population number (called a "commune") while the upper firm (Senate) would incorporate two representative from each state. Information technology was also decided that all classes would be eligible to become senators, subject field to age and residency restrictions.
References
- Congress.gov
- The Organisation of Congress - Cliff Notes
- Wikipedia: United States House of Representatives
- Wikipedia: United States Senate
- Wikipedia: Structure of the United States Congress
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